World Birth Defects Day is observed annually on March 3 to raise awareness about the types and causes of birth defects, their impact on individuals and families, and prevention strategies. The day provides a platform for health professionals, researchers, policy makers and communities to work together to address challenges related to birth defects. (Also read | Congenital Heart Disease Awareness Day 2024: Date, Importance, Types of Congenital Heart Disease)
Although birth defects can affect any part of the body and can develop at any stage of pregnancy, the first three months are considered to be critical. They can affect the function and appearance of the body, and may or may not affect a person's lifespan.
Birth defects can be detected during pregnancy and after birth, most often within a year. The cause of many birth defects remains unknown, but some birth defects can be caused by drinking alcohol during pregnancy, smoking, certain medical conditions, medications, or certain infections.
Each year, 3-6% of infants worldwide are born with serious birth defects, and in India, more than 1.7 million children are born with birth defects each year. Congenital abnormalities include physical deformities such as cleft lip and palate, chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, and abnormalities such as congenital heart disease and congenital hearing loss.
History of World Birth Defects Day
Established in 2015, World Birth Defects Day is the result of a comprehensive effort by WHO-SEARO and CDC-USA, following a resolution of the 2010 World Health Assembly. Since the program's inception, global and national organizations have come together every March 3 to raise awareness and highlight the importance of monitoring, preventing and treating birth defects. This annual day reaffirms WHO-SEARO's commitment to supporting Member States to address the social impact of common birth defects through education and action.
Prevention of birth defects
Although the causes of some birth defects are difficult to determine, many can be prevented by vaccination, adequate folic acid and iodine intake, healthy lifestyle measures, and avoidance of smoking and alcohol.
According to the CDC, here are some tips to prevent birth defects.
- Take 400 mcg of folic acid daily, preferably starting one month before conception.
- Do not drink alcohol or smoke.
- Be proactive in identifying and treating fevers when you are sick and after vaccinations. Avoid hot bathtubs, saunas, or other environments that can cause overheating.
- Know how to prevent infections during pregnancy.
- Always talk to your doctor about any medications you are taking or considering taking.
