The composition of the gut microbiota determines how vulnerable mice are to respiratory viral infections and how these This will determine the severity of the infection.
The findings, published in the journal Cell Host & Microbe, report that segmented filamentous bacteria, a bacterial species present in the intestine, protected mice from influenza virus infection when acquired naturally or when administered. ing.
Protection against this infection also extends to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Applies. To maintain this defense, the study noted that segmented, filamentous bacteria require immune cells called basal-resident alveolar macrophages in the lungs.
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In this study, researchers investigated how differences in specific microbial species can influence the outcome of respiratory viral infections, an impact that has not been clearly defined so far. . They studied mice with distinct microbiomes and mice that differed only in the presence or absence of segmented filamentous bacteria. Viral titers in the lungs were measured several days after infection and varied widely depending on the nature of the microbiome in different animal groups.
“These findings reveal a complex interplay that mechanistically links the gut microbiota to the function of basal resident alveolar macrophages and the severity of respiratory viral infections,” said the study's co-senior author and co-author of the study. said Dr. Andrew Gewirtz, Regents Professor at the Institute of Medicine. Georgia State University College of Science.
In this study, we found that basal alveolar macrophages were rapidly depleted in segmented filamentous bacteria-negative mice as respiratory viral infection progressed. However, in mice colonized with segmented filamentous bacteria, the basal alveolar macrophages were altered to resist depletion of influenza virus infection and inflammatory signaling.
Basal alveolar macrophages neutralized the influenza virus primarily by activating a component of the immune system called the complement system.
“Among the thousands of different microbial species that live in the mouse intestine, the presence of a single common commensal bacterial species has such a strong effect on respiratory viral infection models that such effects are primarily Notably, we found that the reprogramming of basal resident bacteria is due to the reprogramming of alveolar macrophages,'' said the study's co-senior author, Regents Professor and Georgia State Translator. said Dr. Richard Premper, director of the National Antiviral Research Center. “If these findings are applicable to human infections, they will have a major impact on future risk assessments of severe disease in patients.”
“We found that it is highly unlikely that segmented filamentous bacteria are the only gut bacteria that can influence the phenotype of alveolar macrophages and thus the propensity for respiratory viral infections,” Gewirtz said. he said. “Rather, we hypothesize that the composition of the gut microbiota broadly influences the propensity for respiratory viral infections.” , and may also be a long-term health determinant following respiratory viral infection.”
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