Manti, S. et al. Effects of vertical transmission of respiratory viruses to the offspring. Front. Immunol. 13, 853009 (2022).
Google Scholar
Hu, Y. J., Wake, M. & Saffery, R. Clarifying the sweeping consequences of COVID-19 in pregnant women, newborns, and children with existing cohorts. JAMA Pediatr. 175, 117–118 (2021).
Google Scholar
Arthurs, A. L., Jankovic-Karasoulos, T. & Roberts, C. T. COVID-19 in pregnancy: what we know from the first year of the pandemic. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 1867, 166248 (2021).
Google Scholar
Kotlyar, A. M. et al. Vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 224, 35–53.e3 (2021).
Google Scholar
Jeganathan, K. & Paul, A. B. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review. Obstet. Med. 15, 91–98 (2022).
Google Scholar
Wei, S. Q., Bilodeau-Bertrand, M., Liu, S. & Auger, N. The impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ 193, E540–E548 (2021).
Google Scholar
Kong, L. et al. Association of preeclampsia and perinatal complications with offspring neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. JAMA Netw. Open 5, e2145719 (2022).
Google Scholar
Iyengar, U., Jaiprakash, B., Haitsuka, H. & Kim, S. One year into the pandemic: a systematic review of perinatal mental health outcomes during COVID-19. Front. Psychiatry 12, 674194 (2021).
Google Scholar
Liu, C. H. & Tronick, E. Re-conceptualising prenatal life stressors in predicting post-partum depression: cumulative-, specific-, and domain-specific approaches to calculating risk. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 27, 481–490 (2013).
Google Scholar
Liu, C. H., Phan, J., Yasui, M. & Doan, S. Prenatal life events, maternal employment, and postpartum depression across a diverse population in New York City. Community Ment. Health J. 54, 410–419 (2018).
Google Scholar
Liu, C. H., Erdei, C. & Mittal, L. Risk factors for depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms in perinatal women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychiatry Res. 295, 113552 (2021).
Google Scholar
Mughal, M. K., Ginn, C. S., Magill-Evans, J. & Benzies, K. M. Parenting stress and development of late preterm infants at 4 months corrected age. Res. Nurs. Health 40, 414–423 (2017).
Google Scholar
Van den Bergh, B. R. H. et al. Prenatal developmental origins of behavior and mental health: the influence of maternal stress in pregnancy. Neurosci. Biobehav Rev. 117, 26–64 (2020).
Google Scholar
Desplats, P. A. Perinatal programming of neurodevelopment: epigenetic mechanisms and the prenatal shaping of the brain. in perinatol programming of neurodevelopment. (ed. Antonelli M. C) (Springer, 2015).
Chan, J. C., Nugent, B. M. & Bale, T. L. Parental advisory: maternal and paternal stress can impact offspring neurodevelopment. Biol. Psychiatry 83, 886–894 (2018).
Google Scholar
Jensen Peña, C., Monk, C. & Champagne, F. A. Epigenetic effects of prenatal stress on 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 in the placenta and fetal brain. PloS One 7, e39791 (2012).
Google Scholar
Koutra, K. et al. Antenatal and postnatal maternal mental health as determinants of infant neurodevelopment at 18 months of age in a mother-child cohort (Rhea Study) in Crete, Greece. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. 48, 1335–1345 (2013).
Google Scholar
Zhang, W. et al. Prenatal depression and infant temperament: the moderating role of placental gene expression. Infancy 23, 211–231 (2018).
Google Scholar
Babineau, V. et al. Prenatal depression and 5-HTTLPR interact to predict dysregulation from 3 to 36 months-a differential susceptibility model. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 56, 21–29 (2015).
Google Scholar
Madigan, S. et al. A meta-analysis of maternal prenatal depression and anxiety on child socioemotional development. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 57, 645–657.e8 (2018).
Google Scholar
Korja, R., Nolvi, S., Grant, K. A. & McMahon, C. The relations between maternal prenatal anxiety or stress and child’s early negative reactivity or self-regulation: a systematic review. Child Psychiatry Hum. Dev. 48, 851–869 (2017).
Google Scholar
Tarabulsy, G. M. et al. Meta-analytic findings of the relation between maternal prenatal stress and anxiety and child cognitive outcome. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 35, 38–43 (2014).
Google Scholar
Koire, A., Mittal, L., Erdei, C. & Liu, C. H. Maternal-fetal bonding during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 21, 846 (2021).
Google Scholar
Branjerdporn, G., Meredith, P., Strong, J. & Garcia, J. Associations between maternal-foetal attachment and infant developmental outcomes: a systematic review. Matern. Child Health J. 21, 540–553 (2017).
Google Scholar
Petri, E. et al. Maternal-foetal attachment independently predicts the quality of maternal-infant bonding and post-partum psychopathology. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. J. 31, 3153–3159 (2018).
Google Scholar
Alhusen, J. L., Gross, D., Hayat, M. J., Woods, A. B. & Sharps, P. W. The influence of maternal-fetal attachment and health practices on neonatal outcomes in low-income, urban women. Res. Nurs. Health 35, 112–120 (2012).
Google Scholar
Alhusen, J. L., Hayat, M. J. & Gross, D. A longitudinal study of maternal attachment and infant developmental outcomes. Arch. Women’s Ment. Health 16, 521–529 (2013).
Google Scholar
Arguz Cildir, D., Ozbek, A., Topuzoglu, A., Orcin, E. & Janbakhishov, C. E. Association of prenatal attachment and early childhood emotional, behavioral, and developmental characteristics: a longitudinal study. Infant Ment. Health J. 41, 517–529 (2020).
Google Scholar
Le Bas, G. et al. The role of antenatal and postnatal maternal bonding in infant development. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry 61, 820–829.e1 (2022).
Google Scholar
Ji, E. K. et al. Effects of ultrasound on maternal-fetal bonding: a comparison of two- and three-dimensional imaging. J. Int Soc. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 25, 473–477 (2005).
Google Scholar
Chudleigh, T. Scanning for pleasure. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol. 14, 369–371 (1999).
Google Scholar
Provenzi, L. et al. Prenatal maternal stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and infant regulatory capacity at 3 months: a longitudinal study. Dev. Psychopathol. 35, 35–43 (2023).
Google Scholar
Wang, Y. et al. Impact of Covid-19 in pregnancy on mother’s psychological status and infant’s neurobehavioral development: a longitudinal cohort study in China. BMC Med .18, 347 (2020).
Google Scholar
Ayed, A. et al. Maternal and perinatal characteristics and outcomes of pregnancies complicated with COVID-19 in Kuwait. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 20, 754 (2020).
Google Scholar
Schonhaut, L., Armijo, I., Schönstedt, M., Alvarez, J. & Cordero, M. Validity of the ages and stages questionnaires in term and preterm infants. Pediatrics 131, e1468–e1474 (2013).
Google Scholar
Pisoni, C. et al. Risk and protective factors in maternal-fetal attachment development. Early Hum. Dev. 90, S45–S46 (2014).
Google Scholar
Radloff, L. S. The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. 1. accessed 7 Nov 2023. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306 (1977).
Gaynes et al. Perinatal depression: prevalence, screening accuracy, and screening outcomes: summary. In: AHRQ Evidence Report Summaries. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); accessed 7 Nov 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11838/ (2005).
Heller, H. M., Draisma, S. & Honig, A. Construct validity and responsiveness of instruments measuring depression and anxiety in pregnancy: a comparison of EPDS, HADS-A and CES-D. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 19, 7563 (2022).
Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W. & Löwe, B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch. Intern. Med. 166, 1092–1097 (2006).
Google Scholar
Löwe, B. et al. Validation and standardization of the generalized anxiety disorder screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Med. Care 46, 266–274 (2008).
Google Scholar
Simpson, W., Glazer, M., Michalski, N., Steiner, M. & Frey, B. N. Comparative efficacy of the generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as screening tools for generalized anxiety disorder in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Can. J. Psychiatry Rev. Can. Psychiatr. 59, 434–440 (2014).
Google Scholar
Cranley, M. S. Development of a tool for the measurement of maternal attachment during pregnancy. Nurs. Res. 30, 281–284 (1981).
Google Scholar
Liu, C. H., Giallo, R., Doan, S. N., Seidman, L. J. & Tronick, E. Racial and ethnic differences in prenatal life stress and postpartum depression symptoms. Arch. Psychiatr. Nurs. 30, 7–12 (2016).
Google Scholar
Dindo, L. et al. A randomized controlled trial for symptoms of anxiety and depression: effects of a 1-day acceptance and commitment training workshop. Ann. Clin. Psychiatry J. Am. Acad. Clin. Psychiatr. 33, 258–269 (2021).
Hyun, S., Hahm, H. C., Wong, G. T. F., Zhang, E. & Liu, C. H. Psychological correlates of poor sleep quality among U.S. young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep. Med. 78, 51–56 (2021).
Google Scholar
Prigerson, H. G. et al. Inventory of complicated Grief: a scale to measure maladaptive symptoms of loss. Psychiatry Res. 59, 65–79 (1995).
Google Scholar
Liu, C. H., Stevens, C., Conrad, R. C. & Hahm, H. C. Evidence for elevated psychiatric distress, poor sleep, and quality of life concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. young adults with suspected and reported psychiatric diagnoses. Psychiatry Res. 292, 113345 (2020).
Google Scholar
Squires, J., Twombly, E., Bricker, D., Potter, L. ASQ®-3 User’s Guide. Paul H. Brookes Pub; accessed 7 Nov 2023. https://products.brookespublishing.com/ASQ-3-Users-Guide-P571.aspx (2009).
Agarwal, P. K. et al. Concurrent validity of the ages and stages questionnaires with Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III at 2 years – Singapore cohort study. Pediatr. Neonatol. 65, 48–54 (2024).
Sheldrick, R. C., Marakovitz, S., Garfinkel, D., Carter, A. S. & Perrin, E. C. Comparative accuracy of developmental screening questionnaires. JAMA Pediatr. 174, 366–374 (2020).
Google Scholar
Shreffler, K. M., Spierling, T. N., Jespersen, J. E. & Tiemeyer, S. Pregnancy intendedness, maternal-fetal bonding, and postnatal maternal-infant bonding. Infant. Ment. Health J. 42, 362–373 (2021).
Google Scholar
McMahon, C., Camberis, A. L., Berry, S. & Gibson, F. Maternal mind-mindedness: Relations with maternal-fetal attachment and stability in the first two years of life: Findings from an Australian prospective study. Infant Ment. Health J. 37, 17–28 (2016).
Google Scholar
Bernier, A., Tarabulsy, G. M., Cyr, C. & Matte-Gagné, C. Further evidence for the multidimensional nature of maternal sensitivity: differential links with child socioemotional functioning at preschool age. Infancy 26, 238–247 (2021).
Google Scholar
Shuffrey, L. C. et al. Association of birth during the COVID-19 pandemic with neurodevelopmental status at 6 months in infants with and without in utero exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. JAMA Pediatr. 176, e215563 (2022).
Google Scholar
Firestein, M. R. et al. Assessment of neurodevelopment in infants with and without exposure to asymptomatic or mild maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. JAMA Netw. Open 6, e237396 (2023).
Google Scholar
Gete, S., Calderon-Margalit, R., Grotto, I. & Ornoy, A. A comparison of the effects of maternal anxiety and depression on child development. Eur. J. Public Health 29, ckz185.275 (2019).
Google Scholar
Quintigliano, M., Trentini, C., Fortunato, A., Lauriola, M. & Speranza, A. M. Role of parental attachment styles in moderating interaction between parenting stress and perceived infant characteristics. Front. Psychol. 12, 730086 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.730086.
Google Scholar
Shao, S. S. et al. [A cohort study of maternal pregnancy-related anxiety at different trimesters and infants’ neurobehavioral development]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 55, 177–183 (2021).
Google Scholar
Lin, H. C. et al. Maternal self-efficacy buffers the effects of COVID-19-related experiences on postpartum parenting stress. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs. 51, 177–194 (2022).
Google Scholar
Huang, P. et al. Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and infant neurodevelopment: a comparison before and during COVID-19. Front. Pediatr. 9, 662165 (2021).
Google Scholar
Gur, R. E. et al. The disproportionate burden of the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant black women. Psychiatry Res. 293, 113475 (2020).
Google Scholar
Liu, C. H. & Tronick, E. Prevalence and predictors of maternal postpartum depressed mood and anhedonia by race and ethnicity. Epidemiol. Psychiatr. Sci. 23, 201–209 (2013).
Google Scholar
Liu, C. H., Koire, A., Erdei, C. & Mittal, L. Subjective social status, COVID-19 health worries, and mental health symptoms in perinatal women. SSM – Popul. Health 18, 101116 (2022).
Google Scholar
Liu, C. H., Snidman, N., Kagan, J. & Tronick, E. Effect of maternal distress on perceptions of infant behavior may differ in Chinese-American and European-American mothers and infants. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 41, 212–220 (2020).
Google Scholar
Liu, C. H. & Doan, S. N. Psychosocial stress contagion in children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin. Pediatr. 59, 853–855 (2020).
Google Scholar
Erdei, C. & Liu, C. H. The downstream effects of COVID-19: a call for supporting family wellbeing in the NICU. J. Perinatol. 40, 1283–1285 (2020).
Google Scholar